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Almost half of the musicians are confronted with playing-related health problems. The char­acteristics of an individual performer and the type of musical instrument played determine the musician’s health problems. These are mainly musculosceletal (»overuse syndrome«), neu­rologic (entrapement neuropathies, focal dystonias), dermatologic, otolaryngologic and psy­chologic disorders. Other possible health problems are dental, cardiovascular, respiratory and ophtalmic. Although these health problems aren’t life-threatening illnesses, they can be de­vastating to musicians physically, emotionally, socially, and financially. Therefore it is impor­tant to raise the awareness of musicians and doctors of playing-related health problems and to take measures before these health problems even emerge.