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Doppler ultrasound examination is employed for estimating the presence, quality and quantity of blood flow. The physical principles of Doppler ultrasound apparatus and the parameters involved in the ultrasound examination are presented. The author describes the method of displaying blood flow and outlines some other determinations, especially the quantification of blood flow with volume measurement and sonogram analysis. The limitations, artifacts and pitfalls, likely to be encountered in routine clinical use, are discussed. Some physical and technical characteristics of the most commonly used modern ultrasound techniques, such as the duplex Doppler technique and colour Doppler flow mapping are described, as well as the characteristic features of various ultrasound transducers used in combination with the Doppler ultrasound apparatus.