The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) in Slovenia is increasing, the steepest rise occur­ring over the age of 50. Adenoma is regarded as a precancerous lesion, which develops because of accumulated (congenital and acquired) genetic mutations. As a result of increasing fecal blood loss, the most usual manifestation of CRC is iron deficiency anemia, followed by chan­ges in bowel habits and stool diameter. It is necessary to follow up people who are at greatest risk of developing CRC. The most effective way of treating CRC is by radical surgery. For a long time, conventional open resection has been the standard procedure in CRC treatment. Howe­ver, the role of laparoscopic colorectal procedures has been rising in the last decade. The results of prospective and retrospective randomised trials show identical long-term outcomes and the rate of tumor recurrence comparing laparoscopic with traditional open surgery procedu­res. Other therapeutic procedures include oncological treatment, i. e. chemo and radiotherapy.