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Archive » 2003 » 4 » | Archive » Medical field » Fields » Surgery »

Extracoporeal Shockwave Lithotripsy in Urolithiasis

 
Abstract:

This post is also available in: English Slovenščina (Slovenian)

It has been more than 20 years since extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy came into clinical use. The physical principles of shockwave formation and the effects of shockwaves in lithotripsy are described with coexistent models. There are three basic sources of shockwaves that can be used: electromagnetic, piezoelectric and electrohydraulic sources. Development of extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy machines is concerned with better shockwave focusing, radiologic and ultrasound imaging enhancement, decreasing shockwave machine dimensions, and the patient’s safety and comfort. The clinical results of extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy depend on many variables, of which the most commonly reported ones are the size and location of the stone. Special attention is paid to the lithotripsy of lower pole kidney stones due to its lower success rates and residual stone fragments, which frequently remain in the lower renal calyx due to an unfavourable gravitational position. A stone’s fragility also depends on its chemical composition. The most fragile are magnesium-ammonium phosphate stones. Even though extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy is a less invasive procedure, there are both short- and long-term complications. Most frequently these include renal colic, »steinstrasse«, symptomatic urinary tract infection and macrohematuria.

Authors:
Tomaž Smrkolj, Bojan Tršinar

Keywords:
urinary calculi, lithotripsy

Cite as:
Med Razgl. 2003; 42: 351–9.

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