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The basics of visual evoked potentials are described. In the first part of the paper, the anatomical and physiological principles of the electrical activity recorded over the occipital cortex, the visual evoked potential recording technique, the characteristics of visual evoked potentials in healthy subjects and their interpretation are described. The second part deals with the visual evoked potential abnormalities and their diagnostic value in multiple sclerosis, optic neuritis, toxic optic neuropathies, genetic diseases of the optic nerve, chiasmal and retrochiasmal lesions, and cortical blindness. The evaluation of the visual pathway in preverbal children and in individuals with conversive syndromes is also presented.