This review presents the role of insulin in the regulation of blood pressure, lipid and \u2028protein metabolism, body weight and transmembraneous transport of sodium, magnesium and calcium. Insulin resistance may be\u2028 involved in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension. It results in a reduced sensitivity of \u2028insulin-mediated cellular glucose uptake which leads to a rise in plasma glucose and hence \u2028to a compensatory stimulation of insulin secretion in a attempt to normalize plasma glucose.\u2028Thus, insulin resistance elicits a progressive \u2028rise in circulating insulin which induces a series\u2028 of harmful changes, such as increased sodium\u2028 and water reabsorption in the kidney tubules,\u2028increased calcium and decreased magnesium\u2028 content in cells, stimulation of sympathetic nervous system activity, and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. These insulin-mediated alterations may promote hypertension. In\u2028normal subjects insulin stimulates vascular smooth muscle calcium efflux and vascular relaxation. Some authors believe that insulin resistance is associated with decreased calcium\u2028 efflux, which leads to sustained rise of calcium\u2028 concentration in vascular smooth muscle cells. These data suggest that cellular insulin rather \u2028than hyperinsulinemia per se may lead to hypertension. Although it has been proposed that \u2028insulin resistance constitutes the major pathogenetic link between obesity, impaired glucose\u2028 tolerance, type 2 diabetes, obesity, hyperlipemia and hypertension, it might well turn out that\u2028 a common underlying abnormality (either acquired or inherited) promotes insulin resistance, on the one hand, and hypertension, overweight, hyperlipemia and glucose intolerance, on the other.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
This review presents the role of insulin in the regulation of blood pressure, lipid and \u2028protein metabolism, body weight and transmembraneous transport of sodium, magnesium and calcium. Insulin resistance may be\u2028 involved in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension. It results in a reduced sensitivity of \u2028insulin-mediated cellular glucose uptake which leads to a rise in […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":25,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[305,426,439],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2735","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-1-1993-archive","category-internal-medicine","category-pathophysiology"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n