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Cell membrane is, in general, impermeable to larger molecules. However, the application of electric pulses to cells, either in suspension or as tissue, causes the electroporation of the cell membrane, increasing its permeability and making it possible for larger molecules which other­wise cannot cross the membrane, such as drug molecules or the DNA, to enter cells. The most widely used electroporation-based biomedical applications are electrochemotherapy, gene electrotransfer and transdermal drug delivery. A high level of cell membrane electropora­tion is the objective of all applications. However, caution should be exercised in order not to damage the tissue with excessively strong electric fields. The outcome of electroporation-ba­sed treatments can be assessed by various methods a certain time after treatment. The course of tissue permeabilization can be evaluated by measuring tissue conductivity changes dur­ing pulse delivery. Furthermore, cell and tissue electroporation can be described by means of analytical methods or numerical modeling which offers useful insight into the understan­ding of the underlying biological processes and can help us plan future experiments and develop new electrodes and protocols.