A careful clinical examination and patient's medical history contribute to the diagnosis of wrist disease. It is important to obtain disease-related information, accurately inspect and palpate all parts of the…

The most likely risk factor for lumbosacral injuries in classical ballet dancers is hyperlordosis. Its development may be affected by weak abdominal muscles, holding the back too straight in the…

BACKGROUNDS. Proximal femur reconstruction after removal of bone tissue due to various causes presents a major challenge for orthopaedic surgeons. One of the possible solutions is the Kent Hip endoprosthesis,…

Epidemiological studies have shown that about 50% of children younger than 15 years have already experienced low back pain. In most cases, this can be attributed to either wearing overweight…

BACKGROUNDS. Ill-fitting footwear is an important risk factors for diabetic foot ulceration, especially in case of foot deformities and sensory neuropathy. The aims of the research were to investigate the…

Femoral neck fractures are common fractures, appearing on a larger scale in older patients with osteoporosis, accompanying falls from standing heights. Clinical appearance can be typical: pain and a lower…

Inversion injuries of the ankle are common and most are managed adequately by functional treatment. A significant number will, however, remain symptomatic. Ankle impingement syndrome is clinicaly evident as pain, which…

Biomechanics of the hip joint is a discipline which deals with loads and stresses exerted on the hip joint surface. It provides an insight into the pathogenesis of some hip…

The purpose of this study was to determine some geometrical parameters of the human hip and pelvis which importantly influence the articular stress in the hip joint. Standard anterior-posterior radiographs…

Unstable shoulder is a common problem encountered most frequently in sportsmen. Modern treatment of this disorder requires solid knowledge of abnormal mechanics and pathology of unstable shoulder, which are dealt…

Fractures about the calcaneus and intraarticular calcaneal fractures with displacement of fragments should be treated operatively. Complete reconstruction of the calcaneus is a demanding procedure because of a complex structure…

Transmetatarsal osteotomies (TMO) are indicated primarily in adduction deformity of the anterior part of the foot or the great toe. Most commonly this deformity occurs as a result of unsuccessful…

In congenital coxa vara, the femoral neck-shaft angle is extremely small. Therefore valgus osteotomy is usually performed in order to increase the neck-shaft angle, and thus reduce stress in the…

Lumbar disc degeneration is the most common cause of low back pain. The author describes the pathogenetic factors and clinical diagnosis of this disorder. A thorough physical examination can determine…

The vertebrae, along with intervertebral discs and ligaments are part of a strong, resistant and very elastic axis of the body - the spine. Its structure is adjusted to its…

The basic features of a simple static three-dimensional mathematical model of an adult hip in a monopodal body position are given. The described model can be used in clinical practice…

Fractures of the calcaneus are rare but rather demanding to treat. There is lack of agreement regarding the treatment of these injuries. The available therapeutic modalities include conservative management by…

A careful physical examination and history are of great value in clarifying the condition and establishing accurate diagnosis. The author presents clinical tests used in evaluation of the shoulder joint.

Patello-femoral instability is a common clinical problem. It is most often seen with young­sters, females and professional athletes. Medial patello-femoral ligament (MPFL) has been found to be most important static,…

Local topical cooling is often applied after surgery or after knee injuries. It is agreed that lowering of knee tissue temperatures reduces the need for medicaments and shortens the rehabilitation…

Perilunate dislocations and fracture dislocations are rare, yet very grave wrist injuries that may easily be missed at the time of injury. They occur after high-energy trauma to the wrist.…

BACKGROUND. Limb length discrepancy (LLD) is quite a frequent disorder; it develops in approx­imately 15% of the population. Lumbar pain is the most common consequence of untreated LLD. Treatment is usually…

Today, arthroscopy of the knee is a well-established method for diagnosing lesions of the meniscus. Arthroscopic meniscectomy is technically more demanding than the open technique, yet thanks to the introduction…

The paper is an overview of the injuries of the extensor mechanism of the knee, which include ruptures of the quadriceps muscle tendon and patellar tendon, as well as patellar…