The article reviews the influence of knee joint immobilisation on its structural components: muscles, bones, ligaments, tendons, joint capsule and articular cartilage. Immobilisation results in measurable decrement of muscle strength…

The term heterotopic ossification denotes new bone formation in tissues which do not nor­mally ossify. Fibrous tissue and striated muscles are the most commonly involved. Heterotopic ossification often develops after…

Hallux valgus is a deformity without a known cause. Failure of conservative treatment is an indication for operative correction. First metatarsal osteotomy is the basis for over 130 dif­ferent procedures.…

Traumatic knee dislocation is a medical emergency. It is associated with extensive damage of all elements of the knee joint, among which injury of the popliteal blood vessels presents a…

A mathematical model can be used to evaluate the biomechanical status of the hip after sur­gical intervention. By using such a model, it is possible to evaluate changes in the…

Degeneration off the articular cartilage and osteoarthritis of the hip joint are most often idiopathic (primary osteoarthritis). In patients with known pathogenesis (secondary osteoarthrtis), the disease is most commonly due to mechanical bone deformation,…

Studying the biomechanics of the knee is a demanding task because of the complexity of the knee joint motion. Many methods have been described in the literature, yet most of them do not consider…

Erythromelalgia is a rare syndrome characterised by attacks of severe burning pain, erythema, and warmth of the extremities-primarily the feet and, to a lesser extend, the hands. The distress is induced…

The paper describes fractures of the femoral neck, the most common type of hip fracture in the elderly. These fractures are frequently complicated by avascular necrosis of the femoral neck due to interruption…

In the article the pain in the wrist from the standpoint of view of the general practitioner is presented. The article deals with diseases of the wrist which can be treated…

The author presents comprehensive long-term treatment of a patient with congenital bilateral malformation of the tibia. He hopes that the encouraging result presented will challenge other investigators to further refine…

Due to its specific structure, articular cartilage has a limited regenerative ability. Even small lesions on the articular surface progress to an osteoarthritic deformation of the joint, with the end…

Flatfoot involves a complex change in the foot architecture with a lowered medial longitudinal arch and a hindfoot eversion. It is observed in one fifth of the adult population. A…

The popliteal cyst (Baker's cyst, gastrocnemio-semimembranosus bursa) is the most common etiology of a soft-tissue mass in the popliteal fossa. The cyst is lined with a synovial mem­brane and linked…

Avascular hip necrosis is a disease which occurs as the consequence of ishemia of a part of the femoral head. Ishemia most often occurs on the most burdened part of…

The incidence of avascular necrosis of the femoral head in the developed world has been on a constant increase. The disease may be induced by trauma – sustained mostly in road…

Basic principles of conservative and operative treatment of congenital clubfoot are presented. Redressing therapy with casting is started on the first day after the birth. Varus, adductus and supination components…

The basic knee biomechanics for clin­icians is described. On the one hand, the knee functions in the range of considerable laxity, but, on the other, it should maintain adequate stabilities.…

The author describes a modified oper­ative technique for treating spastic equinovarus deformity, the aim of the modification being to prevent secondary deformity, which may devel­op after the initial operation. The…

After describing the main characteristics of the desease, the author presents several cases of discitis in order to illustrate the difficult diagnosis due to the misleading clinical picture. The desease…