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Extracellular vesicles are a heterogeneous population of membrane vesicles, released from cells both in vivo and in vitro, with an important role in intercellular communication. They have been isolated from a variety of biological samples such as blood, bronchoalveolar lavage, synovial fluid, urine, amniotic fluid, semen, milk, saliva; and from cell cultures of most mammalian cells. Based on their size … Preberite več >>

Tissue engineering as a relatively new field of regenerative medicine has already gone through early developmental stages in a way that it already gives some clinical results. In essence, tissue engineering includes the use of a combination of cells, engineering, materials methods, and suitable biochemical and physio-chemical factors to improve or replace biological functions. Because bone tissue provides the main … Preberite več >>

Oxygen free radicals play an important role in many processes: they are involved in various phases of the inflammatory process and therefore take part in the defence of the organism. Yet their effects may be harmful or even fatal. The paper deals with the part of oxygen free radicals in postischemic reperfusion tissue damage and in the development of atherosclerotic … Preberite več >>

Oxygen free radicals are obligatory side product of the aerobic cell metabolism. In the first part of the paper their main characteristics and formation paths as well as the reactions they trigger in the biological systems are described. The second part deals with some common cell injuries caused by free radicals or their metabolites. The last part discusses the organism’s … Preberite več >>

Liposomes are lipid vesicles used in research and therapy. In the present study, liposomes were fractionated by gel chromatography and their characteristics were determined by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). From the time dependence of the EPR spectre intensity, the form of liposome and leukocyte interaction was inferred.… Preberite več >>

Primary vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is one of the most common diseases of the urinary tract in children. Such children develop retrograde flow, i.e. backward flow of urine from the uri­nary bladder to the ureter, which may reach as high as the kidneys. The backward flow of urine facilitates the travel of pathogenic bacteria to the kidneys; therefore VUR is one … Preberite več >>

Melatonin is the main secretory product of the pineal gland of all mammals, including humans. Functionally, melatonin has been linked to the strengthening of circadian rhythms, regula- 67 tion of seasonal reproduction and sleep processes. That melatonin functions as an antioxidant and affects cell proliferation and death was only uncovered in the last decade. The follow­ing article describes known facts … Preberite več >>

Mitochondria occupy a unique position among cellular organelles because of their possession of a separate genome (mitochondrial DNA – mtDNA) and capability to duplicate DNA and transcribe and translate the genetic information into proteins (semi-autonomous organelles). In mammals, mitochondrial genes are non-mendelian and are maternally inherited i.e. transmitted form the mother to the offspring.… Preberite več >>

Background: Hypocholesterolemia in cancer patients is a frequent and expected phenomenon. Higher fluidity of plasma membranes (as a result of lower concentration of cholesterol) is a characteristic of most cancer cells. Erythrocytes lack organelles and inner membranes and with that any possibility of endogenous synthesis of lipids. Changes in serum lipid con­centration could be shown in the fluidity of erythrocyte … Preberite več >>