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The paper describes fractures of the femoral neck, the most common type of hip fracture in the elderly. These fractures are frequently complicated by avascular necrosis of the femoral neck due to interruption of the arterial supply to the femoral neck. Different types of femoral neck fractures and the corresponding treatment are described. Special emphasis is put on operative treatment of fractures by internal fixation and insertion of a hip prosthesis. These two treatment modalities are most commonly used at the Department of Traumatology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana. To achieve good functional results the operation should be followed by appropriate medical rehabilitation.