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The paper reports on a patient who developed acute renal failure as a result of myoglobinu­ria due to rhabdomyolysis induced by intense physical exertion. The authors present the asses­sment of patients with acute renal failure, placing special emphasis on urinalysis and biochemical analysis of blood serum and urine used for the determination of various ratios and diagnostic indices. These may help the clinician differentiate between prerenal azote­mia and acute tubular necrosis, the most frequent forms of acute renal failure. Next, the cha­racteristic features of rhabdomyolysis, particularly of exertional rhabdomyolysis, are presented.