Neonatal sepsis is a clinical syndrome that may appear in the first month of life. It is characterized by systemic signs of infection and accompanied by invasion of the bloodstream. Considering the period in which symptoms present, we distinguish between early neonatal sepsis, where clinical signs appear in the first 72 hours of life, and late neonatal sepsis, where clinical signs appear later. Pathogens that cause the disease can be transmitted horizontally or vertically. In addition to bacteria, certain viruses and fungi can also cause neonatal sepsis. It is very important to immediately begin antimicrobial therapy. Treatment is at first empirical. In cases of early neonatal sepsis, a combination of ampicillin and gentamicin is used, while in cases of late neonatal sepsis, gentamicin and vancomycin are most commonly used. After receiving haemoculture results, the antimicrobial therapy can be adapted to the specific pathogen. With early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, patient prognosis is good.