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Topography, contents and some clinical problems of the popliteal fossa are presented. The popliteal fossa is a rhomboid-shaped intermuscular space situated at the back of the knee. It contains the popliteal artery and vein (arteria et vena poplitea), the small saphenous vein (vena saphena parva), the common fibular and tibial nerves (nervus fibularis communis, nervus tibialis), the popliteal lymph nodes (nodi lymphaticipoplitei) and connective tissue.