Despite the fact that women represent only a small proportion of convicted people, special standards and conditions should be taken into consideration in their treatment. Incarcerated women are often affected by various mental disorders and sexually transmitted diseases. They mostly come from socially marginalized environments and have often been confronted with stressful circumstances. Many women entering prison are pregnant; therefore, correctional facilities are an important venue for providing pregnancy-related care, including access to abortion services. To prevent unwanted pregnancies, we use emergency contraception, which can be administered for only a few days after sexual intercourse, as well as artificial termination of pregnancy. Contraception should also be offered to all women of reproductive age before their reintegration into society. Because of difficult circumstances prior to the start of the prison sentence, complications of pregnancy are more common during incarceration. Mothers in correctional facilities should be able to have contact with their children; in most prisons, newborn children can stay with their mothers for various lengths of time. Compared to prisons around the world, the living conditions for incarcerated mothers in Slovenia are relatively favorable.