The Influence of Insulin, Growth Factor 1, Growth Hormon and Sex Steroids on Bone Mineral Density

Hormonal factors are subtile regula­tors of bone metabolism. Together with the ge­netic factor, diet and exercise they are involved in the formation, maintainance and remodelling of the bone. In addition to clasical calciotrophic hormons (parathyreoid hormone, calcitonin, 1,25-dihidroksi-vitamin D₃), insulin, insulin-like intrinsic growth factors and sex steroids have been discovered to have a role in bone metab­olism. The author presents the mode and mech­anisms of action of insulin, insulin-like growth fac­tor 1, growth hormone, estrogens and andro­gens, which have been identified as hormones increasing bone density.