Endometriosis is an estrogen dependent disease that affects 5-10% of women of reproduc­tive age. The disease occurs most commonly on the uterosacral ligaments, in the pouch of Douglas, on the oviducts and on the ovaries. Nowadays, prevailing opinion about endometrio­sis is based on presumption, that endometriosis is a result of changed immune system. The treatment approach towards endometriosis can be either surgical or with medicaments. Medicamental treatment of endometriosis is focused on the hormonal alterations such as danazol, progestational drugs, gestrinone, combination of an estrogen and a progestogen and gonadotropin – relasing hormone agonists. Hormonal manipulation can only temporarily affect endometriosis, and quite clearly does not address the underlying aetiology of the disease. The goal of conservative surgery is to remove all apparent endometriosis and restore nor­mal anatomical relations. This approach is used with unfertile women and women seeking conception. With definitive surgery not only all endometriosis is removed, but also the ovaries and the uterus. The immunological theory of etiopathogenesis of endometriosis leads to an immunological treatment approach with immunomodulators.