Bioterrorism is an attack on the health of the general population through an artificially induced epidemic of bacterial infectious diseases such as anthrax, plague, cholera, tularemia, brucellosis or botulism, and certain viroses, such as Ebola, smallpox etc., along with rickettsioses or sys­temic mycoses. This article includes an analysis of microbiological agents which are of inter­est for bioterrorism and the possibility of providing efficient preventative action (e.g. preventative measures in the context of public health protection, vaccination, legal reg­ulations on the public health protection and preparedness for bioterrorism) and measures in the case bioterrorism actually occurs (e.g. inclusion of the health sector, in particular epi­demiologists, infectious disease specialists, and microbiologists, as well as all defense forces, such as units and service of associations and other NGOs, along with commercial companies, institutes and other organisations, and units, services of Civil Defense, Police and the Slovenian Army. The purpose of the study was to assess the threat of bioterrorism and to propose pro­tection, rescue and assistance on the basis of risk assessment, the available forces and resources.