Several publications in scientific magazines try to revive the interest in the frequently over­looked importance of the variability and the consequences of blood pressure variability on cardiovascular events. Despite the fact that arterial hypertension is the most prevalent risk factor, which can be controlled by means of drugs, the development of target organ damage destruction and cardiovascular events has not been fully explained yet. There is a growing body of evidence that the level of blood pressure variability, which should be determined as a routine, plays an important role in this process. Currently, it is the method of 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring that has proved as the most useful one. There is the need of additional research, which will explain the causes/consequences of blood pressure variability and its treatment. It is undoubtedly necessary to reduce the mean blood pressu­re, however, patients with consistently reduced blood pressure have better prognosis. The characteristics of individual antihypertensive drugs and their effect on blood pressure varia­bility are becoming more and more important.