The authors report on a patient with normal ECG findings, who had a complete atrioventricular block caused by cough-induced complete atrioventricular block. Carotid sinus massage did not produce asystolia. The…

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is an in vitro method which uses enzymatic synthesis to amplify, in an exponential manner, specific DNA or RNA sequences. Although it has been available…

This article deals with the breathing function in patients with muscular and neuromuscular diseases. Described are the consequences of weakened respiratory muscles, such as abnormal values of pulmonary function tests,…

In the article are described some key mechanisms, used by an immune system to distinguish a tumor cell from a normal, healthy cell. According to bulk of the literature in…

The basics of visual evoked potentials are described. In the first part of the paper, the anatomical and physiological principles of the electrical activity recorded over the occipital cortex, the…

Changes in the classification of delirium were introduced in the 10th revision of International Classification of Diseases. Delirium is an etiologically nonspecific organic cerebral syndrome. Elderly in-patients are especially prone…

The author presents non-atheromatous mechanisms of myocardial ischemia, which may be either congenital or acquired in origin. Myocardial ischemia is produced by one or several non-atheromatous factors, or by a…

With the identification of HIV in 1981, the health care world was suddenly faced with the risk of HIV infection through occupational exposure to infected blood and body fluids. Health…

Doppler ultrasound examination is employed for estimating the presence, quality and quantity of blood flow. The physical principles of Doppler ultrasound apparatus and the parameters involved in the ultrasound examination…

The electroretinogram demonstrates a flash-evoked potentials of the retina recorded by surface electrodes. Electroretinography is a noninvasive and objective, yet nonstandardised examination technique, which has been in clinical use for…

Clinical diagnosis of early gastric cancer was established in 51 of 262 patients with gastric cancer. The aim of the study was to determine the accuracy of clinical diagnosis, and…