The number of children treated for terminal renal failure (TRF) has increased over the last decade. In spite of this, the incidence of newly discovered children and adolescents with CKD…

Although chronic kidney disease (CKD) is not a typical disease of childhood and its frequency in children is much lower than in adults, it is nevertheless an important health problem…

In this review article, the authors present a survey of urinary tract infections in infants and small children. Relevant terminology is outlined and the incidence, etiology and diverse clin­ical pictures…

This article describes drugs influencing water and electrolyte excretion, called diuretics. Most of them modify the transport of sodium ions in tubular epithelial cells via different mech­anisms. They are the…

The majority of primary glomerulonephritides is mediated by the deposition of circulating or in situ formed immune complexes, which may be confirmed by immunofluorescence find­ing of glomerular granular immune deposits.…

Renal injury can lead to acute (AKD) or chronic kidney disease (CKD). The presence, progress and distinction between AKD and CKD can be determined by monitoring serum creatinine and BUN…

These chapter describes the normal kidney function. The emphasis is on the mass flow of salts, water and some other products of the metabolism through the kidney tubular system. The…

The intermediate mesoderm gives rise to the kidney. Three pairs of kidney make an appear­ance in succession during development: pronephros, mesonephros and metanephros or permanent kidneys. Permanent kidneys develop from…

The kidney is a paired organ that is positioned on the lumbocostal triangle of the diaphragm and on the posterior abdominal wall muscles, outside of the peritoneal cavity and within…