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Approximately 2,500 children in Slovenia have epilepsy. Epilepsy is diagnosed when unprovoked seizures recur. The etiologies and natural courses of epilepsies are variable. Prognostically, epilepsies are divided into four major groups (benign, pharmacosensitive, pharmacodependent and pharmacoresistant). Epilepsies are most commonly treated with antiepileptic drugs. Prompt response to antiepileptic drugs is a good prognostic sign for remission, regardless of the etiology. Defining the epileptic syndrome is important for deciding what diagnostic tests are needed and for choosing the right antiepileptic drugs and other therapeutic means, as well as from the prognostic point of view. A recognized epileptic syndrome can be helpful for the patient’s family because it allows for genetic counselling.