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This review discusses interactions in the complex microbial population and explains some views on communication within the population of medically important microbes. Interactions between various microbes can help them survive in an unfavourable environment, but the influence of microbial interactions can also be negative. Some bacterial and fungal excretion products exert an inhibitory action on other microbes. Investigation of these interactions can be useful for finding alternative antimicrobial agents. This is of great importance in regard to antimicrobial activity and treatment of infectious diseases.