The spine and the spinal cord receive blood from the network of arterial anastomoses, from the direct or indirect blood vessel connection of the spinal branching system. The anterior and…

The development of the spinal cord vascular system, vasculogenesis and later on angiogenesis, is influenced by various factors. The developmental process of arterial and venous system of the spinal cord…

Adolescence is a very lively period, full of constant changes. In this period we frequently come across deliberate self-harm. In the management of adolescents who self-harm it is important to…

A number of drugs have been withdrawn from the market or severely restricted in their use because of unexpected undesirable effects that became apparent only in the post market phase.…

BACKGROUND. Various types of hypothyroidism require different doses of levothyroxine in order to establish euthyroid state. However, previous studies frequently did not define the type of hypothyroidism and the factors…

BACKGROUNDS. Although head and neck cancers are not among the most frequent ones, they are important public health issue because of high mortality rates and their association with unhealthy lifestyle.…

Polycystic ovary syndrome is a common endocrine disorder which affects 15–20% of women in reproductive age. It is characterised by disturbances in the menstrual cycle and hyperandrogenism. These women are…

Phacomatoses are a diverse group of genetic disorders that primarily affect the central nervous system, skin and other organs. Most commonly, dysfunction of the central nervous system is the prevailing…

Malignant spinal cord compression can lead to permanent neurological dysfunction and is therefore considered an oncological emergency. It is mostly caused by metastases to the spinal column, most frequently from…

Venous drainage of the spine and the spinal cord is arranged like arteries in a reverse configuration. The vessels have very thin walls and are frequently without valves. The intraspinal…

Conus medullaris syndrome and cauda equina syndrome are relatively rare, yet serious health conditions. They are caused by compression of neural structures in the lumbar spinal canal. They are most…