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Parkinson’s disease is a degenerative neurological disease progressing by affecting the abil­ities of communication (verbal, non-verbal, written). These disorders are present in a half to three-fourths of patients. Parkinson’s disease is frequently accompanied by disorders of swallowing, observed in about 50% of patients. It is often combined with numerous other disorders such as: difficult reading, memorizing problems, rapid fatigue, disturbed … Preberite več >>

There were some studies reporting an increasing incidence of testicular cancer and geni­tourinary abnormalities such as cryptorchidism and hypospadias whereas human sperm quality is declining. Over the last decades, there has been growing concern about the threat to human health represented by chemicals and radioactive materials introduced to the environment. In fact, testicular damage may result of the action of … Preberite več >>

Topography, contents and some clinical problems of the popliteal fossa are presented. The popliteal fossa is a rhomboid-shaped intermuscular space situated at the back of the knee. It contains the popliteal artery and vein (arteria et vena poplitea), the small saphenous vein (vena saphena parva), the common fibular and tibial nerves (nervus fibularis communis, … Preberite več >>

The intermediate mesoderm gives rise to the kidney. Three pairs of kidney make an appear­ance in succession during development: pronephros, mesonephros and metanephros or permanent kidneys. Permanent kidneys develop from metanephric diverticulum (ureteric bud) and metanephric blastema. The ureteric bud gives rise to the ureter, renal pelvis, major and minor calyces, and approximately one to three million collecting tubules, whereas … Preberite več >>

Inherited trombophilia, state that predisposes individuals to venous thrombosis may be due to deficiency of antithrombin III, deficiency of protein C or protein S, or resistance to acti­vated protein C. The impact of hereditary trombophilia in familial venous thrombosis is not completely understood. It is known that hereditary trombophilia by itself does not neces­sarily lead to development of venous thrombosis … Preberite več >>