Endophthalmitis is an infection within the eye. It mainly affects the vitreous, but it can also spread to the retina, chorioid, cornea and to other structures in the eye. Early…

The most frequent sign of endometrial cancer is postmenopausal bleeding. In the early can­cer stages, some women show no symptoms of the disease. Clinical examination reveals especially advanced forms of…

Polyunsaturated fatty acids are a vital part of physiological as well as patophysiological mech­anisms in the human body. Their long chained products are a key stone for the development of…

Caspases are cysteine proteases, which cleave their substrates following an aspartate residue. They are present as inactive precursors (pro-caspases) in cells. Caspases are involved in cytokine processing and apoptosis (programmed…

Carcinoids are neuroendocrine tumors. They produce physiologically active substances which can cause carcinoid syndrome and carcinoid heart disease at higher concentrations. The char­acteristic changes seen in carcinoid heart disease are…

Parkinson's disease is a slowly progressive, degenerative disorder of the substantia nigra of unknown etiology. The main pathomorphological finding in Parkinson's disease is the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the…