Cytopathologic examination is a diagnostic method which encompasses light-microscopic exam­ination of cells that exfoliate spontaneously from body surfaces or are obtained through various diagnostic procedures. Basic diagnostic evaluation of a…

Benign prostatic hyperplasia is the most common benign neoplasia in men over 60 years of age, while prostate cancer affects 15 to 30% of men between 50 and 70 years…

Pregnancy is associated with substantial cardiocirculatory changes that contribute to greater morbidity and mortality in women with underlying heart disease. An understanding of cardiovascular physiology during pregnancy is vital for proper…

Vasa vasorum (»vessels of the vessel«) are arterioles, capillaries and venules that nourish large arteries and veins. They are derived either from the main blood vessel itself in the case…

In addition to animal experiments, digital and analogue simulations are also used in med­ical research as well in medical education. In this way, various physiological systems can be studied and,…