Esophageal carcinoma is one of those malignant tumors which have the worst prognosis and exhibit a marked geographic variation in their incidence. While the incidence of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma…

Chronic exertional compartment syndrome can occur in all body parts in which compart­ments can be found. Most frequently, it emerges in the lower leg (95%) in athletes, in whom running…

Radiotherapy has long been used in conjunction with classical neurosurgery as a treatment option for benign and malignant tumours, as well as for intracranial lesions. The three pos­sible modalities include…

Laparoscopy is surgical instrumental inspection of the peritoneal cavity, employed either for diagnosis or as a minimal invasive treatment procedure. In experienced hands it is relatively safe and brief procedure.…

The paper is an overview of the injuries of the extensor mechanism of the knee, which include ruptures of the quadriceps muscle tendon and patellar tendon, as well as patellar…

Pancreatic pseudocysts, which develop as a complication of acute and chronic inflammation and pancreatic trauma, are a collection of pancreatic secretory products surrounded by a fi­brous sac. It is important…

The article reviews the influence of knee joint immobilisation on its structural components: muscles, bones, ligaments, tendons, joint capsule and articular cartilage. Immobilisation results in measurable decrement of muscle strength…

Fractures of the acetabulum are high-energy injuries. They mostly affect young adults and can cause severe disability. The type of fracture depends on the mechanism of trau­ma and the position…

A reconstructed anterior cruciate ligament should allow normal motion and stability of the knee. An accurate placement of the graft is mandatory to prevent slackening, deformation or rup­ture of the…

Metatarsal fractures are relatively common and if malunited, they may be a frequent sour­ce of pain and disability. Nondisplaced fractures and fractures of the second to fourth meta­tarsal with displacement…

The term heterotopic ossification denotes new bone formation in tissues which do not nor­mally ossify. Fibrous tissue and striated muscles are the most commonly involved. Heterotopic ossification often develops after…

Rupture of abdominal aortic aneurysm is a potentially fatal event, occuring quite frequently in older men with uncontrolled hypertension. Because of nonspecific symptoms, such as abdominal and back pain, the…

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the results of operative reconstruction of the foot with a musculocutaneous latissimus dorsi free flap. At the Department of Plastic Surgery and…

The supracondylar fractures of the hu­merus are the most common type of elbow fractures in children. They occur in either extension or fle­xion pattern. Both patterns have three types distin­guished…

Extracorporeal circulation used in aor­tocoronary bypass graft operations for the past 30 years has several adverse effects, including ARDS, coagulation disturbances, embolism and neurologic deficits. These operations have become very…

There are many different theories and conflicting views about the etiology and treatment of Achilles tendon rupture. The theory of ischemic and degenerative causes seems to have been most widely…

Currently, open surgical repair and per­cutaneous operation are the two most commonly used operative techniques for the repair of ruptured Achilles tendon. Open surgery is being increas­ingly replaced by the…

Traumatic pneumomediastinum is usually caused by severe thoracic injury, resulting in blunt or penetrating neck, chest or abdominal trauma. Subcutaneous emphysema of the neck and pneumomediastinum following facial trauma in…

Endometriosis is an estrogen dependent disease that affects 5-10% of women of reproduc­tive age. The disease occurs most commonly on the uterosacral ligaments, in the pouch of Douglas, on the…

Changes in erythrocyte shape are necessary in the circulation of blood, therefore deforma­bility is one of the basic properties of erythrocytes. A research project was conducted in order to determine…

Modern traumatology uses scoring systems to determine the efficiency of treat­ment. Surgeons employ a variety of diagnostic modalities for the assessment of blunt abdomi­nal trauma, the choice of the modality…

Rectal cancer is a common malignant disease. Its incidence has been rapidly increasing dur­ing the last decades. With improved preoperative diagnostic procedures and histopathological evaluation, rectal cancers can be divided…

Traumatic knee dislocation is a medical emergency. It is associated with extensive damage of all elements of the knee joint, among which injury of the popliteal blood vessels presents a…

The beginnings of outpatient surgical activities performed under general anesthesia date back to the early years of the twentieth century. In the 1980's, interest in this activity was revived also…