Cancer of the ovary is the major killer among gynaecologic cancers. Early diagnosis is generally made by chance rather than by making use of refined scientific methods. Early detection of…

The gastrinoma was first described by the surgeons Zollinger and Ellison in 1955. The basic characteristics of this disease include an endocrine gastrin-secreting tumor of the gastrointestinal tract, gastric hypersecretion…

The etiology of ovarian cancer is unknown. Some women, however, seem to be at great risk for the development of this serious disease, which is the major killer among gynaecologic…

Breast cancer is treated by various methods depending on whether we have to deal with primary cancer or recurrence, which may be either locoregional or systemic. In the majority of…

The tumor marker CA 125 was detected in the sera of patients with epithelial ovarian cancer using high levels of labeled monoclonal antibodies. The paper lists the tissues in which…

Malignant tumors are the second most common cause of death in children under 15 years, after injuries. While cancer of the epithelial origin is most common in adults, leukemia and…

Mammography – a method of radiological imaging of the breast is described, giving details on the equipment, technique and technical requirements for mammography proposed by the European Community. Indications and…

The most frequent sign of endometrial cancer is postmenopausal bleeding. In the early can­cer stages, some women show no symptoms of the disease. Clinical examination reveals especially advanced forms of…

Colorectal cancer is the second most common malignancy in Europe and also the second most common cause of cancer death. In Slovenia, the incidence of colorectal cancer is high and…

Gastric cancer is the fifth most prevalent male cancer and the sixth most prevalent female cancer. Although its prevalence is slowly declining in western countries, the mortality asso­ciated with it…

Esophageal carcinoma is one of those malignant tumors which have the worst prognosis and exhibit a marked geographic variation in their incidence. While the incidence of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma…

Radiotherapy has long been used in conjunction with classical neurosurgery as a treatment option for benign and malignant tumours, as well as for intracranial lesions. The three pos­sible modalities include…

To the clinician, malignant neoplasia, generally known as breast cancer, is a comprehensive term denoting a variety of diseases. The author points to this heterogeneity thus opposing the conventional opinion…

The hithero development of systemic treatment - cancer chemotherapy is presented and analysed. The main approaches to chemotherapy, such as induction chemotherapy, adjuvant chemotherapy, primary chemotherapy and individually planed chemotherapy,…

Endometrial cancer is a hormone dependent tumour. Estrogens, endogenous as well as tho­se infiltrated artificially into the organism, play a decisive part in its origin. The disease affects especially older…

Respect for autonomy – one of the four basic ethical principles – is based on the right for self-determination. An autonomous individual should be offered all relevant information so that he/she can…

A reconstructed anterior cruciate ligament should allow normal motion and stability of the knee. An accurate placement of the graft is mandatory to prevent slackening, deformation or rup­ture of the…

A family with autosomal dominant cancer was first reported one century ago. The heredi­tary nature of some forms of colorectal cancer was confirmed less than 10 years ago by the…

Electroporation is a process, which causes transient high-permeability of the cell membrane due to application of electric field. In the state of high-permeability, membrane allows different kinds of small and…

Patients with ovarian cancer are trea­ted individually. The basic method of treatment is the operation, precisely revealing the spread of disease and removing as much of the tumor as possible.…

The spread of metastases from a primary site through blood or the lymphatic system, which results in the establishment of secondary tumors in distant locations, is the main cause of…

The cytopathologic examination of urine and bladder washings is a simple method for the detection of primary bladder cancer in symptomatic patients or in patients with hematuria. This method is…

Lysosomal cysteine proteinases, termed also cysteine cathepsins, are ubiquitous proteoly­tic enzymes. The most important group of their endogenous inhibitors belongs to the cystatin superfamily, which consists of three families: ste-…

Data from 282 patients who were first treated for epithelial ovarian malignoma at the Institute of Oncology and Gynecological clinic in Ljubljana between 1990 and 1992 were analysed retrospectively. The…