Malnutrition presents a major problem in several patients treated in intensive care unit (ICU). Extreme body reserve exhaustion influence s morbidity and mortality and prolongs hospi­tal stay. Therefore nutrition of…

The article discusses the significance of various natural science discoveries in the develop­ment of medicine during the first half of the 20th century. Discoveries in various areas of natural science,…

The article presents the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive lung disease. It is written depending on the Global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease conducted by US National…

The ankle-brachial index is the ratio between systolic arterial pressures measured on the arms and the ankles. It is a highly sensitive and specific test for detecting peripheral arterial occ­lusive…

Long term athletic training is associated with an increase in left ventricular diastolic cavity dimensions, wall thickness, and mass. These changes are described as the »athlete's heart«. In men, athlete's…

Background. Dilatative atherosclerosis is a rare form of degenerative process manifested by arterial aneurysms. It is believed that endothelial dysfunction is involved in dilatative athero­sclerosis. For estimation of systemic endothelial…

Over centuries there has been an unanswered question about vaginal birth after cesarean section. It is still connected with fear and uncertainty among patients and doctors. In 1916, Craign stated:…

Human embryology is the science dealing with the development of the embryo and fetus from fertilization to birth. Development begins with fertilization, the process by which the male gamete, the…

Communication with patients presents an important part of a physicians' work. The dis­agreements that appear during the consultation process, can affect quality of care. This is the reason why we…

The first human tumour virus, virus Epstein-Barr, was discovered in 1964 in Burkitt's lym­phoma cells. Oncogenic viruses are important for two main reasons. Firstly, approximately 15% of human cancer incidence…

Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disorder of the motor plate. The degree of reduction in the number of functional acetylcholine receptors correlates with the severity of myasthenia gravis as manifested…

Assessment of pain, disability, and activity limitation was made with the Foot Function Index in healthy volunteers, diabetic patients without symptomatic neuropathy and diabetic patients with symptomatic neuropathy. The Foot…

Mutation in the prothrombin gene (G20120A) and in the factor V gene (G1691A), which is manifested as resistance to the activated protein C (nAPC), are important risk factors for throm­boembolic…

Dengue fever has reemerged in the past 20 years and expanded to new geographic regions. Together with its causative agents (dengue viruses) and the vectors (Aedes mosquitoes), the epidemic activity…

Breaking bad news is one of the most difficult challenges in doctor-patient communication. It is very important, however, to both the quality of the patient's life and the future connection…

Due to its specific structure, articular cartilage has a limited regenerative ability. Even small lesions on the articular surface progress to an osteoarthritic deformation of the joint, with the end…

Introduction. Neurocardiogenic syncope is the most frequent transitional form of loss of  onsciousness, which is caused by inappropriate triggering of the Bezold-Jarisch reflex. Most commonly, the triggering agent is an…

Flatfoot involves a complex change in the foot architecture with a lowered medial longitudinal arch and a hindfoot eversion. It is observed in one fifth of the adult population. A…

Adherence to treatment is especially important for patients with a chronic illness. The emphasis is on the active cooperation of the patient in the treatment process, not just his passive…

Modern neurophysiological methods (including the accurate psychophysical Marstock method) were used to determine sensitivity to heat, cold, and pain due to heat and cold (specific thermal and pain sensitivity) in…

Simultaneous administration of digoxin and calcium channel blockers results in increased plasma levels of digoxin. One of the possible mechanisms of this interaction could be a changed enteral absorption of…

Successful aortic valve replacement in the setting of aortic stenosis leads to dramatic improve­ments of the patient's clinical condition and wellbeing. Standard surgical aortic valve replace­ment is a relatively safe…

The article presents the recommendations for immunization of children with chronic kid­ney disease of higher stages and children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. These chil­dren are in some cases more susceptible…

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disease in fertile women. It is also closely associated with insulin resistance (IR). The purpose of this trial was to inves­tigate…