Uterine leiomyomas are the most common benign neoplasms of the uterus. The definitive treatment in symptomatic patients is most often surgical either by myomectomy or by hysterectomy. Depending on the…

Emergency operations due to sudden malignant obstruction of the left colon are associated with higher postoperative mortality and morbidity in comparison to elective operations. Opinions on the optimal surgical management…

Temporomandibular joint internal derangement is a common condition that affects population in their second decade of life. It is associated with a wide range of clinical signs and symptoms, such…

BACKGROUNDS. Pain in newborns is often difficult to recognize and therefore to treat. Changes in heartbeats per minute, respiration rate and peripheral oxygen saturation levels are most often considered to…

Hypopituitarism refers to decreased secretion of anterior pituitary hormones. A rare cause of hypopituitarism is a condition known as Sheehan’s syndrome in which hypopituitarism is caused by ischemic necrosis of…

The number of people, including recreational athletes, taking part in long running or cycling events is increasing. Research has shown that as many as 30–90% of athletes have experienced at…

Harm reduction programs are one of the four main strategies of fight against the use of illicit psychoactive substances which consists of prevention, treatment, harm reduction and supply reduction. The…

Pilonidal sinus is a disease which typically affects young adults. The treatment of the disease is difficult; despite the numerous approaches the recurrence rate is high, which leads to a…

Catamenial pneumothorax is a rare form of spontaneous pneumothorax that repeatedly occurs in women of reproductive age. The exact epidemiology and pathogenesis of the disease are not completely known. Videothoracoscopy…

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with worse outcomes after cardiac surgery. It is known that even milder degrees of AKI detected as a small increase in serum creatinine occur…

BACKGROUNDS. Studying medicine is perceived as very stressful. Despite the fact that the regular stress is a necessary and an inevitable phenomenon, it can also have short-term and long-term consequences,…

Patent foramen ovale is the most frequent remnant of normal fetal communication between the atria in adult population. In most cases, it is clinically silent and therefore detected incidentally, however,…

Disorders of peripheral nerves are usually diagnosed by neurological examination and electrodiagnostic methods. However, we can investigate peripheral nerves also by imaging methods, particularly by ultrasonography. During ultrasonographic examination we…

In the pre-antibiotic era, parapharyngeal infection was a frequent complication of tonsillitis. However, due to widespread use of antibiotics, its frequency has decreased and consequently the infection is quite uncommon…

Crossed aphasia results from a lesion in a non-dominant, right cerebral hemisphere. This kind of neurological damage is rare and raises a number of issues in relation to the distribution…

Glasgow coma scale was first defined in 1974. It was designed as a unified scoring system for assessing a patient’s conscious state. During the four decades of use, several versions…

Cerebral palsy is a group of movement and posture disorders sometimes associated with other neurological deficits. It represents a significant decrease in the patients’ quality of life and a substantial…

The pulmonary valve separates the right ventricle outflow tract from the pulmonary artery and prevents deoxygenated blood from the pulmonary artery to return into the right ventricle. The pulmonary valve…

The autonomic nervous system plays an important role in various pathological situations such as myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure or diabetic neuropathy and is strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of…

Tests of functional and structural properties of arteries are becoming clinically more and more relevant. Numerous non-invasive methods for assessing endothelial function and arterial stiffness have been developed, many of…

Cancer patients today live longer and have a better quality of life. This is mainly due to a multidisciplinary approach in cancer diagnostics. A close collaboration between pathologists, who perform…

Cannabis has a long history of consumption both for recreational and medicinal uses. After the discovery of endogenous cannabinoid system and cloning of cannabinoid receptors during the last decade of…

BACKGROUNDS. Proximal femur reconstruction after removal of bone tissue due to various causes presents a major challenge for orthopaedic surgeons. One of the possible solutions is the Kent Hip endoprosthesis,…

IgA nephropathy is the most common primary glomerulonephritis in adults and a common cause of end-stage renal failure. The understanding of the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy has evolved importantly in…