HIV infection induces both humoral and cytotoxic immune response. HIV is extremely efficient in evading host immune response due to virus adaptability. An immune response early in the course of…

Septate uterus is one of the cogeni­tal abnormalities that causes the most problems. It is frequently the cause of spontaneous abor­tion, preterm labour, malpresentation or intrauter­ine growth retardation. Recently, hysteroscop­ic…

A group of 100 consecutive patients treated for deep vein thrombosis in the Trnovo Hospital of Internal Medicine from January 1992 to December 1994, was studied for the presence of…

Currently, open surgical repair and per­cutaneous operation are the two most commonly used operative techniques for the repair of ruptured Achilles tendon. Open surgery is being increas­ingly replaced by the…

Nephrotic syndrome is among the most common kidney diseases in children and it occurs as a result of damage to the glomerular filtration barrier. It is characterized by edema, nephrot­ic…

Traumatic pneumomediastinum is usually caused by severe thoracic injury, resulting in blunt or penetrating neck, chest or abdominal trauma. Subcutaneous emphysema of the neck and pneumomediastinum following facial trauma in…

Autophagy is a catabolic process of the degradation of cellular components by lysosomal enzymes. It is essential for cellular homeostasis by maintaining the balance between the syn­thesis, degradation and turnover…

The spread of metastases from a primary site through blood or the lymphatic system, which results in the establishment of secondary tumors in distant locations, is the main cause of…

Tight junctions comprise a crucial part of epithelial barriers by forming a molecular pore like structure that encircles the apex of individual cells. They control the passage of small molecules…

Almost half of the musicians are confronted with playing-related health problems. The char­acteristics of an individual performer and the type of musical instrument played determine the musician's health problems. These…

Bioterrorism is an attack on the health of the general population through an artificially induced epidemic of bacterial infectious diseases such as anthrax, plague, cholera, tularemia, brucellosis or botulism, and…

The cytopathologic examination of urine and bladder washings is a simple method for the detection of primary bladder cancer in symptomatic patients or in patients with hematuria. This method is…

Development of the new antiasthmatic drugs is directed above all in the synthesis of theinhibitors of the proinflammatory cytokines and IgE antibodies. Several biologic drugs are tested for this purpose;…

BACKGROUND. Infant tactile stimulation reduces distress behaviours, improves pulmonary function, weight gain per day, bone mineralization, developmentally appropriate functioning, enhances sleep organization and early attachment between infant and parents. We…

Infectious diseases are becoming more complicated to diagnose and treat. History plays a crit­ical role in narrowing the differential diagnosis and deciding on the most appropriate diag­nostic tests. Symptoms often…

Eighteen years old male with bilateral pulmonary infiltrates, hypoxia and hemoptysis was diagnosed with Goodpasture syndrome. We present a retrospective analysis of the clinical decision making that lead to the…

Adolescence is a developmental stage in which a person is learning to master cognitive, emo­tional, social and moral maturity. Adolescents growing up with chronic renal disease enter this stage later…

The most important agents of endemic mycoses that can cause disease in healthy hosts are Histoplasma capsulatum, Blastomyces dermatitidis, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and Coccidioides immitis. They occupy specific ecologic and geographic…

Endometriosis is an estrogen dependent disease that affects 5-10% of women of reproduc­tive age. The disease occurs most commonly on the uterosacral ligaments, in the pouch of Douglas, on the…

Near-death experiences are experiences of deep feelings of out-of-body experiences and of entering other dimensions outside the usual borders of time and space. They mostly occur when a person is…

Numerous preclinical and clinical studies have shown a correlation between the consumption of moderate amounts of red wine and a reduced risk of cardiovascular complications asso­ciated with atherosclerosis. Both polyphenolic…

Cardiogenic shock is a state of tissue hypoperfusion that involves signs of progressive tissue injury due to failing heart function. Cardiogenic shock can develop as a consequence of myocar­dial disease/injury,…

BACKGROUND. Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS) is a primary immuno­deficiency disorder characterized by immune dysregulation. ALPS is defined as chronic, nonmalignant lymphoproliferation in patients with double-negative T cell (DNT) expansion over…

Changes in erythrocyte shape are necessary in the circulation of blood, therefore deforma­bility is one of the basic properties of erythrocytes. A research project was conducted in order to determine…